Education:

October 2014: Doctor of Philosophy, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UCSB

December 2001: Master of Science in Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ

May 1998: Master of Science in Chemistry, Northern Arizona University

May 1992: Bachelor of Arts in Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA

May 1992: Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University

Teaching Experience:

Northern Arizona University

BIO 205/220L – Microbiology Laboratory, 4 Sections

CHM 152L – Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory II, 7 Sections

Four Corners Math/Science Program – Science and Environmental Concepts, 1 Summer

Northland Pioneer College, Show Low, AZ

CHM 100 – Introductory Chemistry, 7 Sections

CHM 130 – Chemistry in Context (Environmental Impacts), 10 Sections

CHM 151/152 – Inorganic Chemistry I & II, 7 Sections

BIO 100 – Introduction to Biological Concepts, 6 Sections

BIO 181/182 – General Biology I & II, 6 Sections

Experience Overview:

As of April 2017 – Founder and Science Director, REM Environmental Institute and Enterprises

2009 to 2018 – Chief Technical Officer, Blue Ocean Sciences, Goleta, CA

2001 to 2014 – Technical Staff – Electron Microscopist, JPL-Caltech NASA, Pasadena, CA

2008 to 2014 – Graduate Research, Bren School, UCSB

2006 to 2013 – Laboratory Manager, MEIAF, Bren School, UCSB

1996 to 2001 – Graduate Research, Northern Arizona University

1993 to 1998 – Associate Professor, Northland Pioneer College

1988 to 1992 – Environmental Biologist, Sweetwater Environmental, San Diego, CA

Experience:

06/17 to 12/19 – Science Director, Sea of Green Analytical, LLC

Sea of Green Analytical is a full service analytical laboratory. We operate an AB Sciex 5500 &  4000 LCMSMS, GC-MS, GC-FID with headspace sampler and other analytical instruments to certify and verify products. I control and monitor all aspects of the scientific integrity of the laboratory from sampling to generation of client’s reports.

04/17 to present – Founder and Science Director, REM Environmental Institute, 501(c)(3) (REMEI), and REM Environmental Enterprises LLC (REMEE)

REMEI-EE is a hybrid nonprofit/for-profit organization bringing clean water and clean air solutions to the world. The world’s oceans, lakes, and lands are being increasingly polluted. We are providing scientists with cutting-edge technologies and outside-the-box thinking to facilitate cleanup of polluted sites. The ability for people to drink clean water, eat clean food, and breathe clean air is essential for our species’ survival.

02/17 to 12/19 – Founder and Science Director, Novo Laboratories, LLC

Novo Laboratories is a full service analytical laboratory for water, soil and cannabis testing (certification process is underway).  We operate a state of art AB Sciex 5500 LCMSMS, GC-FID with headspace sampler and other analytical instruments to evaluate all aspects of the farmers, concerned citizen and industrial customers needs to evaluate the many types of sample matrices.

 04/10 to 01/18 – Chief Technical Officer, Blue Ocean Sciences LLC, Blue Ocean Sciences and Green Ocean Sciences

Dr. Mielke has served as Chief Technical Officer for Blue Ocean Sciences, LLC. Blue Ocean Sciences received private funding for developing an analytical laboratory for testing water, soil, produce, and cannabis samples. In this lab, a Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer-Mass Spectrometer (LCMSMS) is used to test for the presence of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and other organic chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, mycotoxins, plant growth hormones, terpenes, cannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids. Projects include:

Fukushima Daiichi, Japan Remediation Proposal (privately funded), June 2011 to May 2013

• Developed BioOptimized Bioremediation (BOB) system for cleaning the Reactor #3 water-cooling pond. The system functioned 100% automatically to harvest biofilms from BioPods using a washing station. The harvested biofilm could be collected in containers, where water was removed to generate “Green Cake,” which could then be processed by pyrolysis to concentrate radioactive heavy metals as “Black Cake.” The Black Cake could be further processed to remove precious metals, generating a final product that could be put into glass bricks for containment and long-term storage.
• The projected large-scale BOB plant, with a build cost of $150 million, was vetted for two years by the Japanese Government and Daiichi to verify its ability to remove radioactive heavy metals from water.
• Designed two additional applications: (1) active BOB systems contained in readily transportable shipping containers for farm water retention ponds; and (2) passive BOB systems for contaminated rice fields, livestock drinking basins, and under-the-sink home water-filtration units.

Hope²O Water Testing, 1/14 to  1/18

• Water testing for home use for pre-and post-water filtration system, to help customers determine the efficacy of their water-filtration system.
• Approximately 10,000 samples were analyzed.

10/15 to 2/17 – Dr. Mielke served as Chief Science Officer for Green Ocean Sciences, LLC. Green Ocean Sciences received private funding to develop handheld devices for detecting organic chemicals for a wide variety of applications, devices included:

• Differential Mobility Spectrometer-Gas Chromatograph (DMS-GC) for testing cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis samples, and to test for organic chemicals in industrial applications.
• Deep Ultraviolet (DUV) Analytical Instrument for detecting pesticides, herbicides, and chemical signatures to verify that food products are safe for human consumption.

Field Expeditions

Dr. Mielke participated in two major field expeditions relevant to cleaning up polluted bodies of water:

 Project Kaisei ($1.5 million grant and private donations), 2009 (https://projectkaisei.org/)

• 15 scientists, graduate students, and volunteers sailed aboard the 151ft Brigantine to research marine debris accumulating in the North Pacific Ocean Gyre. Dr. Mielke was involved by analyzing and presenting data at a conference in China.

Schmidt Ocean Institute’s Lone Ranger Transatlantic Investigation of Marine Pollutants ($2.0 million grant), 2011 (http://www.businessinsider.com/life-after-google-eric-schmidts-60-million-ocean-adventure-2011-2)

• 10 scientists investigated marine debris during an 18-day transatlantic crossing on the Lone Ranger research vessel. Dr. Mielke collected and analyzed samples gather during the investigation.

 09/10 to 10/14 – University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph.D. Student, Bren School, Environmental Science & Management, Patricia Holden, Ph.D. $25 mil grant from NSF/EPA, UCSB, and UCLA.

We studied the interaction of nanomaterials with bacteria and other life forms. We utilized electron microscopy to visualize and analyze the intimate interactions at cellular surfaces with nanomaterials to better understand the nanotoxicity of the various classes of nanomaterials. Altogether, we generated 23 peer-reviewed publications during my graduate studies at UCSB.

06/01 to 01/14 – Astrobiology Research Element, Geomicrobiologist/Electron Microscopist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory – NASA Caltech, Astrobiology – Planetary Sciences, Ices Group, Supervisors: Paul Johnson, Ph.D., Pamela Conrad, Ph.D., Isik Kanik, Ph.D., Max Coleman, Ph.D., Jay Nadeau, Ph.D., Ken Nealson, Ph.D., Susanne Douglas, Ph.D. We examined the microbial-mineral interaction from many extreme environmental ecosystems. This research will further humanity’s understanding of secondary mineral formation, both biologically and chemically, in hopes of identifying key indicators of life on future samples that are returned from various extraterrestrial sources. Examination of environmental samples is performed by TEM, STEM, and ESEM methods.

Major Projects and Analytical Instruments Used at JPL-NASA:

600. TEM Microscopist, EDS analysis, sample embedding, ultra-thin sectioning, darkroom techniques, negative development; ESEM Microscopist, SEM, Cryo-SEM, STEM, EDAX analysis, sample embedding, ultra-thin sectioning, XL30 FEG, Nano SEM 600. Project duration: June 2001-January 2014.
601. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extractor. Project duration: October 2002-October 2004. Cost: $1.5 million.
602. RCAL – Rover Chemical Analytical Laboratory. Project duration: October 2005- October 2009. Cost: $3 million.
603. MER Prototype – Microtome drill for ROV application. Project duration: October 2009-October 2012. Cost: $2 million.
604. Stable Isotope Lab – designed a lab with an IRMS and many different peripheral devices; GCC, ECS, TCEA, Gas Bench, H-device, Laser ablation, others designed using multiple systems. Project duration: October 2004-January 2014. Cost: $1.6 million lab build.
605. In-Situ Metal Deposition on a 1×1 mm Analytical Chip – used high-res, ultra-fast imaging techniques. Project duration: October 2011-October 2013. Cost: $0.5 million.
606. Hydrothermal Vent – laboratory reactor for studying the emergence of life theory. Project duration: October 2006-January 2014. Cost: $5 million.
607. Titan Environmental Chamber – to study interaction of liquid methane with ice. Project duration: October 2009-January 2014. Cost: $3 million.
608. Development of Dimensional Mobility Spectrometer (DMS) for handheld device to detect explosives. Project duration: October 2008-October 2012. Cost: $2 million.
609. Multi-Spectral Array Analysis – up to 14 different light wavelengths from one 1×1 inch chip. Project duration: October 2012-October 2013. Cost: $0.5 million.
610. Instrumentation used and training provided for scientists to use in their research included: TEM, STEM, ESEM, Cryo-SEM, ICP-OES, GC-MS, FT-IR (UV-Vis, near-IR, mid-IR, microscope box reduced background noise by1000-fold), XRD, rock saws, slab saws, many different types of microscopes. Project duration: June 2001-January 2014. Trained 14 postdocs, 15 summer interns, many other scientists as needed for research purposes.

05/04 to 01/14 – Astrobiology Research Element, Technical Specialist and Manager, JPL – NASA, Max Coleman, Ph.D. We started a new IRMS laboratory with various sample introduction methods. These methods include: TC/EA, ECS, GC/TC, H-device, Gas bench, and Laser ablation. Solid or liquid samples are made into various gases that are analyzed by a Thermo Finnigan MAT253 gas-source multi- collector IRMS. I also managed the Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory, which was updated with a new Varian FT-IR 7000 with a UMA 600 microscope, along with an upgraded Varian GC-MS FID.

10/06 to 01/14 – Astrobiology Research Element, Technical Engineer, JPL-NASA, Planetary Science and Life Detection, Isik Kanik, Ph.D. We designed and built a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extractor (SCE) to remove gaseous CO2 from the Mars environment and then utilize the CO2 to extract organic materials from Martian soils. The effluent was then analyzed by GC-MS. We also designed and fabricated a hydrothermal vent to simulate primitive earth conditions, to determine if life could have started under these conditions. Our goal was to prove that Michael Russell’s theory of life beginning around low temperature (100°C) hydrothermal vents in deep oceans is experimentally possible. With our system, we produced acetate or an amino acid from a Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide mixture at high pressures (100 bars). We also designed a Titan environmental chamber and were able to produce methane drops to further our understanding of how methane and ice interact. This chamber was part of a National Geographic episode, “Saturn, Cassini/ Huygens.”

03/06 to 04/13 – MEIAF Technical Support/Lab Manager, UCSB. Patricia Holden, Ph.D. Micro-Environmental Imaging and Analysis Facility utilizing an ESEM to further the research of persons in the Bren School and from other departments at UCSB. I taught graduate students and faculty members various electron microscopy techniques relevant to their research. This included normal SEM, Environmental-SEM, Cryo-SEM, TEM, and STEM techniques.

10/02 to 05/04 – Astrobiology Research Element, Geomicrobiologist/Electron Microscopist, JPL – NASA, Astrobiology – Center for Life Detection, Jay Nadeau, Ph.D. We used CdSe quantum dots to label many different bacterial strains, to investigate the mechanism or mechanisms used to allow the internal labeling of what is visually observed.

08/89 to 06/01 – Master of Science in Biology (Geomicrobiology), Northern Arizona University, Biology Dept., Gordon Southam, Ph.D. Acid mine drainage affects 1,000s of miles of rivers in the U.S.; however, the colonization of metal sulfides in mine tailings is poorly understood. My thesis work examined Thiobacillus ferrooxidans colonization of pyrite under pH neutral conditions to provide a better understanding of the development of fluids from acid mine drainage.

08/00 to 06/01 – Graduate Assistant, Northern Arizona University, Biology Dept., Gordon Southam, Ph.D.

I taught BIO 205/220 Microbiology Laboratories.

08/98 to 06/01 – Research Assistant, Northern Arizona University, Biology Dept., Gordon Southam, Ph.D.

I was responsible for the development and maintenance of an E. coli culture collection (over 8000 separate colonies) from the Oak Creek watershed, including the headwaters of the Little Colorado River. They were used for a genotyping project to determine the sources of fecal pollution.

01/98 to 08/98 – Research Assistant, Northern Arizona University, Geology Dept., Michael Ort, Ph.D.

I assisted in setting up and calibrating neodymium columns used in research by the Geology Department. I also conducted Water Hyacinth contamination studies with copper used as the environmental pollutant.

06/98 to 07/98 – Instructor/Mentor, Northern Arizona University, Four-Corners Math/Science Program.

I taught scientific concepts and environmental issues to minority high school students. Phytoremediation, 6th Annual Upward Bound Math/Science Scientific Conference, July 10, 1998.

08/96 to 05/98 – Master in Science in Chemistry (Phytoremediation), Northern Arizona University, Chemistry Dept., C. Kelley, Ph.D. I studied the contamination of water bodies by radioactive materials, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, which are hard to remove without destroying the biological ecosystem. I concluded that water hyacinth roots can be used like a sponge to remove europium ions from aqueous systems, including lakes near the Chernobyl nuclear disaster site or other similar future sites.

08/96 to 05/98 – Graduate Assistant/Instructor, Northern Arizona University, Chemistry Dept., John Nauman. I served as Instructor/TA for the CHM 152 L. I also mentored the NASA Sharp Program. Additional projects included the development of a computer-based Chemistry Lab Aid used to assist students with their chemistry lab work.

09/93 to 06/98 – Associate Faculty, Northland Pioneer College, Biology and Chemistry Dept.

I taught the 100, 130, 151, & 152 Chemistry classes, as well as the 100, 151, & 152 Biology classes. These were cluster-class formatted for each discipline, i.e. all chemistry levels were taught in one class period within the same laboratory. I also held Chemistry and Biology Assistant positions.

09/88 to 10/92 – Environmental Biology Assistant, Sweetwater Environmental Biologist, Susan Brownlee. We conducted environmental impact reports for Land-Use Permits. My duties included bird banding, bird monitoring, and the cowbird removal program for the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

01/88 to 01/89 – Laboratory Technician, Multiple Peptide Systems, La Jolla, CA, General Atomic Center.

I assisted in the production of multiple peptides for use in research and maintained the methylene chloride stills and other laboratory equipment.

Publications:

1. Kohl, I.E., Christensen, J., Killingsworth, B., Zeigler, K., Mielke, R., Young, E.D., Coleman, M. Sulfate-oxygen Isotopes Contain a Potential Early Earth and Martian Biosignature. Submitted Apr 2017 to Science. Manuscript Number: aan5332.
2. Mielke, R.E. Nanomaterials’ Influences on the Emergence of Life and Their Toxic Effects on Bacteria and Protozoa. Ph.D. Dissertation, Bren School Environmental Sciences & Management, Oct 2014.
3. Mielke, R.E., Priester, J.H., Werlin, R., Gelb, J., Horst, A.M., Orias, E., Holden, P.A. Differential Growth of and Nanoscale TiO₂ Accumulation in Tetrahymena thermophila by Direct Feeding versus Trophic Transfer from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Oct 2013. Vol. 79, Num. 19, Cover Image.
4. Mielke, R.E., Priester, J.H., Werlin, R., Gelb, J., Horst, A.M., Orias, E., Holden P.A. Differential Growth of and Nanoscale TiO₂ Accumulation in Tetrahymena thermophila by Direct Feeding versus Trophic Transfer from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Sep 2013. Vol. 79, Num. 18, 5616-5624.
5. Priester, J.H., Ge, Y., Mielke, R.E., Horst, A., Moritz, S., Espinosa, K., Gelb, J., Walker, S., Nisbet, R., An, Y., Schimel, J., Palmer, R., Hernandez-Viezcas, J., Zhao, L., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Holden, P.A. Reply to Lombi et al.: Clear effects of manufactured nanomaterials to soybean. PNAS. Dec 2012. 109:49, 14734-14 pp. E3337.
6. Priester, J.H., Ge, Y., Mielke, R.E., Horst, A., Moritz, S., Espinosa, K., Gelb, J., Walker, S., Nisbet, R., An, Y., Schimel, J., Palmer, R., Hernandez-Viezcas, J., Zhao, L., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Holden, P.A. Soybean susceptibility to manufactured nanomaterials: Evidence for food quality and soil fertility interruption. PNAS. Aug 2012. 109:37, pp. E2451-E2456. (Author summary, Sep 2013, 109:37, pp. 14734-14735).
7. Priester, J.H., Mielke, R.E., Werlin, R., Orias, E., Holden, P.A., Gelb, J. A Comparison of Nano – Scale X-Ray Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy applied to TiO₂ Nanoparticles in a Microbial Food Chain. Microscopy & Microanalysis. Volume 18, Issue S2, pp. 556-557. July 2012.
8. Bennett S., Zhou, D., Mielke, R.E., Keller, A. Photoinduced Disaggregation of TiO₂ Nanoparticles Enables Transdermal Penetration. PLOS ONE. Sept. 2012. PONE-D-12- 21743R1.
9. Priester, J.H., Mielke, R.E., Werlin, R., Orias, E., Holden, P.A., Gelb, J. A Comparison of Nano – Scale X-Ray Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy applied to TiO₂ Nanoparticles in a Microbial Food Chain. Microscopy & Microanalysis. Volume 18, Issue S2, pp. 556-557. July 2012.
10. Indranil, C., Cwiertny, D.M., Walker, S.L. Combined factors influencing the aggregation and deposition of nano-TiO₂ in the presence of humic acid and bacteria. Environmental Science and Technology, March 2012. 46:13, p 6968-6976. (ESEM images by R. E. Mielke)
11. Gleeson, D.F., Pappalardo, R.T, Anderson, M.S., Grasby, S.E., Mielke, R.E., Wright, K.E., Templeton, A.S. Biosignature detection at an Arctic analog to Europa. Astrobiology, 12:2, Feb 2012.
12. Mielke, R.E., Robinson, K.J., White, L.M., McGlynn, S.E., McEachem, K., Bhartia, R., Kanik, I., Russell, M.J. Iron-sulfide-bearing chimneys as potential energy traps at life’s emergence. Astrobiology, 11:10, Dec 2011.
13. Zhang, X., Chibli, H., Mielke, R.E., Nadeau, J. Ultrasmall Gold-Doxorubicin Conjugates Rapidly Kill Apoptosis-Resistant Cancer Cells. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 16:22(2), p. 235-243, Feb 2011.
14. Werlin, R., Priester, J.H., Mielke, R.E., Krämer, S., Jackson, S., Stoimenov, P.K., Stucky, G.D., Cherr, G.N., Orias, E., Holden, P.A. Biomagnification of cadmium selenide quantum dots in a simple experimental microbial food chain. Nature Nanotechnology, 6, p. 65-71, Jan. 2011.
15. Horst, A.M., Neal, A.C., Mielke, R.E., Sislian, P.R., Suh, W.H., Mädler, L., Stucky, G.D., Holden, P.A. Dispersion of TiO2 Nanoparticle Agglomerates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2010, p. 7292-7298, Vol. 76, No. 21.
16. Mielke, R.E., Wilson, P.R., Coleman, M., Kanik, I., Russell, M.J. Design, Fabrication and Test of a Hydrothermal Reactor for Origin-Of-Life Experiments. Astrobiology, 2010 Oct, 10(8):799-810.
17. Clarke, S., Mielke, R.E., Aneal, A., Holden, P.A., Nadeau J.L. Bacterial and Mineral Elements in an Arctic Biofilm: A Correlative Study Using Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy. Microscopy & Microanalysis, 16(2) 99133, 1-13, 2010.
18. Bair, E.H., Dozier, J., Davis, R.E., Kaempfer, T.U., Colee, M.T., Mielke, R.E., Blackford, J.R. Observations of two seasons of sintering in a mountain snowpack. International Snow Science Workshop Davos 2009, v7.
19. Dumas, E., Ozenne, V., Mielke, R., Nadeau, J. (2009) Mechanisms of Toxicity of CdTe Quantum Dots in Bacterial Strains. IEEE Transactions in NanoBioScience, Special Issue on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications. 8(1): 58-64, DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2009.2017313.
20. Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Clarke, S. Quantum dot conjugates for SEM of bacterial communities. Scanning Microscopy. May 22, 2009, 73781Y, 1-10.
21. Dumas, E-M, Ozenne, V., Mielke, R.E., Nadeau, J.L. Toxicity of CdTe Quantum dots in bacterial strains. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Apr. 2009.
22. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Lawrence, J.R., Nadeau, J.L., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. Novel sulfur-oxidizing streamers thriving in perennial cold saline springs of the Canadian High Arctic. Environmental Microbiology, 11(3), p. 616-629, 2009.
23. Priester J.H., Stoimenov, P.K., Mielke, R.E., Webb, S.M., Ehrhardt, C., Zhang, J.P., Stucky, G.D., Holden, P.A. Effects of Soluble Cadmium Salts Versus CdSe Quantum Dots on the Growth of Planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environmental Science & Technology, Jan. 2009.
24. Rohrssen, M., R.E. Mielke, B. Brunner, M. Coleman. A method for simultaneous oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis of water of crystallization in hydrated minerals. Analytical Chemistry, 80, 7084-7089, Sep. 2008.
25. Brunner, B., J-Y. Yu, R.E. Mielke, J.A. MacAskill, S. Madzunkov, T.J. McGenity, M. Coleman. Different isotope and chemical patterns of pyrite oxidation related to lag and exponential growth phases of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans reveal a microbial growth strategy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, EPSL-270, 63-72, Mar. 2008.
26. Douglas, S., W. Abbey, R. Mielke, P. Conrad, I. Kanik. Textural and mineralogical bio-signatures in an unusual microbialite from Death Valley, California. Icarus, 193: 620–636, 2008.
27. Beegle, L.W., Johnson, P.V., Hoydess, R., Mielke, R., Orzechowska, G.E., Sollitt, L., Kanik, I. Toward the in situ quantification of organic molecules in solid samples: Development of sample handling and processing hardware. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 72(12), A66 (2008).
28. Jae-Young Yu, Y. Park, R.E. Mielke, M.L. Coleman. Sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of the dissolved sulphate in the meteoric water in Chuncheon, Korea. Geosciences Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4, 357 − 367, Dec. 2007.
29. Christensen, L.E., B. Brunner, K.N. Truong, R.E. Mielke, C.R. Webster, M. Coleman. Measurement of Sulfur Isotope Compositions by Tunable Laser Spectroscopy of SO₂. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 79, No. 24, 9261-9268, Dec. 2007.
30. Kappler, A., B. Schink, D.K. Newman. Fe(III) mineral formation and cell encrustation by the nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizer strain BoFeN1. Geobiology, Vol. 3, 235-245, Dec. 2005. TEM & ESEM images produced by R.E. Mielke.
31. Lies, D.P., M.E. Hernandez, A. Kappler, R.E. Mielke, J.A. Gralnick, D.K. Newman. Shewanella oneidensis MR_1 uses overlapping pathways for iron reduction at a distance and by direct contact under conditions relevant for biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (8): 4414-4426, Aug. 2005.
32. Jiao, Y., A. Kappler, L.R. Croal, D.K. Newman. Isolation and characterization of a genetically tractable photoautotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain TIE-1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 8, 4487-4496, Aug. 2005. TEM images produced by R.E. Mielke.
33. Pace, D.L., R.E. Mielke, G. Southam, T.L. Porter. Scanning force microscopy studies of the colonization and growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the surface of pyrite minerals. Scanning, Vol. 27 No. 3, 136-140, 2005.
34. Kloepfer, J.A., R.E. Mielke, and J.L. Nadeau. Uptake of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots into bacteria via purine-dependent mechanisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 5, 2548-2557, May 2005.
35. Kappler, A., Newman, D.K. Formation of Fe(III)-minerals by Fe(II)-oxidizing photoautotrophic bacteria. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, No. 6, 1217-1226, 2004. TEM images produced by R.E. Mielke.
36. Kloepfer, J. A., R.E. Mielke, J.L. Nadeau. CdSe quantum dot internalization by Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 5361, 133-141, 2004, Invited Paper.
37. Gorlenko, V., Tsapin, A., Zorigto, N., Teal, T., Tourova, T., Engler, D., Mielke, R., Nealson, K. Anaerobranca californiensis nov., an anaerobic, alkalithermophilic, fermentative bacterium isolated from a hot spring on Mono Lake. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Vol.54 pp. 739-743, 2004.
38. Kloepfer, J. A., R.E. Mielke, M.S. Wong, K.H. Nealson, G. Stucky, and J.L. Nadeau. Quantum dots as strain- and metabolism-specific microbiological labels. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 4205-4213, Jul. 2003.
39. Mielke, R.E., D.L. Pace, T. Porter, G. Southam. A critical stage in the formation of acid mine drainage: Colonization of pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans under pH-neutral conditions. Geobiology, 1, 81-90, 2003.
40. Cover Image, Bacteria nests: micro scale pattern formation of desiccated carbon nanotube carpets, after immersion in solutions containing bacterial spores (Bacillus pumilus). Spring 2002.
41. Mielke, R.E. The colonization of pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans under pH neutral conditions. Master of Science in Biology, Northern Arizona University, December 2001.
42. Kelley, C., R.E. Mielke, D. Dimaquibo, A.J. Curtis, J.G. Dewitt. Adsorption of Eu(III) onto roots of Water Hyacinth. Environmental Science and Technology. 33: 1439-1443, 1999.
43. Mielke, R.E. Adsorption of Europium Ions by Water Hyacinth. Master of Science in Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, May 1998.

Outreach Documentaries and Movies:

1. Loew, Morgan. CBS 5 AZ, Feb 26, 2016. http://www.cbs5az.com/story/31330343/valley-water-systems-contain-some-contaminants?autostart=true .
2. Loew, Morgan. CBS 5 AZ, Oct 7, 2015. http://www.cbs5az.com/story/30211875/cbs-5-investigates-abandoned-mines-polluting-valleys-water-supply .
3. University of California – Santa Barbara. August 20, 2012. “Scientists examine effects of manufactured nanoparticles on soybean crops.” Science Daily, <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120820161056.htm>.
4. The Forgotten Jewel. (2010) Edna Albano, Director, Bruce Wen and Tulsi Albano, Lead Actors.

Conferences:

1. Choukroun, M., Ibourichene, A., Smythe, W.D., Mielke, R.E., Barmatz, M., Hodyss, R.P. (Dec 2013) Effect of ammonia on the stability of clathrate hydrates: experimental study and implications for Titan. Abstract P41E-1970 presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 9-13 Dec.
2. White, L.M., Russell, M.J., Mielke, R.E., Shibuya, T., Christensen, L., Bhartia, R., Cable, M.L. Stockton, A., Stucky, G.D., Kanik, I. (2013) Alkaline hydrothermal vents: Assembling the redox protein construction kit on Icy worlds. 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, #2341.
3. Priester, J.H., Mielke, R.E., Werlin, R., Orias, E. (2012) A Comparison of Nano – Scale X-Ray Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy applied to TiO₂ Nanoparticles in a Microbial Food Chain. Volume 18, Issue S2 (Proceedings of Microscopy & Microanalysis 2012) July 2012, pp. 556-557.
4. Mielke, R., Neal, A., Stam, C.N., Ferry, J.G., Schlegel, R., Tsapin, A.I., Park, S., Bhartia, R., Salas, E., Hug, W., Behar, A.E., Nadeau, J. (Dec 2011) The Lone Ranger Mission: Understanding Synthetic Polymer Microbe Interactions In the Atlantic Ocean. Abstract B51I-0540 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec.
5. Neal, A., Mielke, R., Stam, C.N, Gonsior, M., Tsapin, A.I., Lee, G., Leftwich, B., Narayan, R., Coleman, H., Argyropoulos, N., Sheavly, S.B., Gorby, Y.A. (Dec 2011) New Carbon Source From Microbial Degradation of Pre-Production Resin Pellets from the North Pacific Gyre. Abstract B51I-0538 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec.
6. Stam, C.N., Neal, A., Park, S., Mielke, R., Tsapin, A.I., Bhartia, R., Salas, E., Hug, W., Behar, A.E., Nadeau, J. (Dec 2011) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and UV/irradiation exposure change surface and chemical structures of Pre-Production Resin Pellets. Abstract B51I-0539 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec.
7. White, L.M., Mielke, R.E., Russell, M.J., Stucky, G.D., Kanik, I. (2011) Investigating the Role of Iron Sulfides in the Hydrothermal Vent Model for the Emergence of Life. 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, #1087.
8. Nadeau, J., Zhang, X., Chibli, H., Mielke, R. (Jun 2011) Cadmium-free nanoparticles for cancer therapy, 94th Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition, Montreal, 5-9 of June 2011, oral presentations.
9. Lee, G., Neal, A., Mielke, R., Bookhagen, B. (Dec 2010) Using LiDAR to as a Potential Method for Detection Plastics in Water. Abstract OS43A-1593 presented at 2010 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 13-17 Dec.
10. Neal, A.C., Gonsior, M., Gassel, M., Coleman, H., Argyropoulos, N., Hume, C., Mielke, R., Steuerman, D., Knobelspiesse, K.D., Balestra, B. (2010) Initial Analysis of Marine Debris Accumulation in the Subtropical Convergence Zone of the North Pacific Gyre. Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26), Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl., Abstract IT35H-04.
11. Choukroun, M., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Young, J.B., Mielke, R.E. (Sept 2010). Preliminary comparison of the viscoelastic properties of water ice and clathrate hydrates at low stress. 12th International Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Sapporo, Japan.
12. Ziegler, K., Coleman, M.L., Mielke, R.E., Young, E.D. Sources and Contributions of Oxygen during Microbial Pyrite Oxidation: T Triple Oxygen Isotopes of Sulfate as a Biosignature. 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (March 1-5, 2010) The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1533, 2245.pdf.
13. Choukroun, M., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Young, J.B., Mielke, R.E. (March 2010) Preliminary comparison between the dissipation in CO₂ clathrate hydrates and water ice. 41st Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2172, Houston, TX.
14. Choukroun, M., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Young, J.B., Mielke, R.E. (Dec 2009) Preliminary measurements of the attenuation properties of polycrystalline water ice and CO₂ clathrate hydrates. Eos Trans. AGU, 90 (52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract P21B 1218, San Francisco, CA.
15. Sotin, C., Mielke , R., Choukroun, M., Neish, C., Barmatz, M., Mitchell, K. (Dec 2009) Laboratory experiments on the interaction between ice and hydrocarbons: implications for the formation of lakes on Titan. Eos Trans. AGU, 90 (52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract P54C-06, San Francisco, CA.
16. Choukroun, M., Castillo, J.C., Young, J.B., Mielke, R. (2009) Preliminary Measurements of the Attenuation Properties of Polycrystalline Water Ice and CO₂ Clathrate Hydrates at the Tidal Frequencies of Europa and Enceladus. Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract MR22B-07.
17. Choukroun, M., Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Young, J.B., Mielke, R.E., Engelhardt, H., Sotin, C. (October 2009) Preliminary comparison between the attenuation properties of polycrystalline water ice and CO₂ clathrate hydrates. American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #41, #61.08, Fajardo, PR.
18. Castillo, J., Choukroun, M., Young, J., Engelhardt, H., Mielke, R. (August 2009) Ice Viscoelasticity at Icy Satellites Tidal Frequencies. Asia-Oceania Geosciences Society 6th Meeting, Singapore.
19. Sotin, C., Mielke, R., Choukroun, M., Neish, C., Barmatz, M., Lunine, J.I., Mitchell, K. (August 2009) Interaction of Liquid Hydrocarbons on H₂O ice: Implications for Titan. Asia-Oceania Geosciences Society 6th Meeting, Singapore.
20. Sotin, C., Mielke, R., Choukroun, M., Neish, C., Barmatz, M., Castillo, J., Lunine, J.I., Mitchell, K.L. (March 2009) Ice-hydrocarbon interactions under Titan-like conditions: implications for the carbon cycle on Titan. 40th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Abstract #2088, Houston, TX.
21. Nadeau, J.L., Mielke, R.E., Clarke, S. (2009) Quantum dot conjugates for SEM of bacterial communities. SPIE Scanning, Monterey, CA.
22. Barmatz M., Johnson, P.V., Castillo, J.C., Choukroun, M., Engelhardt, H., Goguen, J.D., Hays, C.C., Hodyss, R., Kanik, I., Lane, A.L., Mitchell, K.L., Orzechowska, G.E., Sotin, C., Zhong, F., Gonzalez, B., Mielke, R.,. Kargel, J.S, Lopes, R.M.C., Lunine, J.I., Matson, D.L., Neish, C., Pappalardo, R.T., Robshaw, L.E., Smythe, W. (2008) New Experimental Facilities for characterizing the mechanical, rheological, thermophysical, and chemical properties of icy compositions with application to solar system ices. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX #1950.
23. Beegle, L., Johnson, P., Hoydess, R., Mielke, R., Orzechowska, G., Sollitt, L., Kanik, I. (2008) Toward the in situ quantification of organic molecules in solid samples: Development of sample handling and processing hardware. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(12) Supplement A66.pdf.
24. Coleman, M., Rhorssen, M., Mielke, R.E. (2008) Isotopic Zonation Within Sulfate Evaporite Mineral Crystals Reveal Quantitative Paleoenvironment Details. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, abstract #P44A-05.
25. Ziegler, K., Coleman, M.L., Mielke, R.E., Young, E.D. (2008) Tracing the source of oxygen during pyrite oxidation with Δ17O SO₄. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 72, Issue 12, p. A1106.
26. Mielke, R., Blaney, D., Nordstrom, K., Aplers, C., Coleman, M. (Dec 2007) Hydrated Iron Sulfate Minerals by FT-IR, ESEM and XRD: Effects of Hydration, Metal Ions, and Oxidative State. Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract P21A-0217.
27. Rohrssen, M., Brunner, B., Mielke, R., Coleman, M. (Dec 2007) A Rapid, Easy, and Precise Method for Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Analysis of Water of Crystallization in Hydrated Minerals. Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V51B-0564.
28. Brunner, B., Mielke, R.E., Coleman, M. (December 2006) Abiotic Oxygen Isotope Equilibrium Fractionation Between Sulfite and Water. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #V11C-0601.
29. Coleman M.L., Brunner, B., Christensen, L.E., Chutjian, A., Macaskill, J. A., Madzunkov, S., Mielke, R.E., Truong, K.N., Webster, C.R. (December 2006) Current Capability and Possibilities for In-Situ Stable Isotope Analysis of Minerals Compared to Science Needs and Laboratory Measurements. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #P53A-06.
30. Coleman, M.L., Black, S., Brunner, B., Hubbard, C.G., McGenity, T.J., Mielke, R.E., Yu, J.Y. (2006) Stable Isotope characterization of microbially produced sulfate: Field data validation at Rio Tinto of New laboratory culture experiments. Workshop on Martian Sulfates as Recorders of Atmospheric-Fluid-Rock Interactions, October 22-24, in Houston, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1331, p.31, #7036.
31. Coleman, M.L., Brunner, B., Christensen, L.E., Chutjian, A., Macaskill, J.A., Madzunkov, S.M., Mielke, R.E., Truong, K. N., Webster, C.R. (2006) Current Capability and Possibilities for In-Situ Stable Isotope Analysis of Minerals Compared to Science Needs and Laboratory Measurements. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, abstract #P53A-06.
32. Coleman, M., Mielke, R., Coates, J.D. (2005) Changes in Cl and O isotopes compositions of perchlorate to measure extent of microbial reduction, but still identify the fingerprint of the original values. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 7, 05954.
33. Coleman, M.L., Hubbard, C.G., Mielke, R.E., Black, S. (Nov 2005) Chemical and Isotopic Characterization of waters in Rio Tinto, Spain, Shows possible origin of the Blueberry Haematite Nodules in Meridiani Planum, Mars. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, abstract #P21A-0140. 12/2005.
34. Popa, R., Souza-Egipsy, V., Mielke, R., Nealson, K.H. (Dec 2003) The Biosignatures of Controlled Biomineralization of Pyrite From Fe⁺² and H₂S by Thiomonas Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B51C-0970.
35. Southam, G., Mielke, R. (2001) Eleventh Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Abstract #3428.

Nucleotide Sequence:

1. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band A 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430099.gb. 2.09 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
2. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band B 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430100.gb. 2.09 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
3. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008)) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band C 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430101.gb. 2.09 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
4. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band D 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430102.gb. 2.1 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
5. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band E 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430103.gb. 2.09 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
6. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium isolate DGGE gel band G 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430104.gb. 2.09 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
7. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured archaeon isolate DGGE gel band I 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430105.gb. 2.2 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
8. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured archaeon isolate DGGE gel band J 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430106.gb. 2.18 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
9. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430107.gb. 2.41 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
10. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430108.gb. 2.43 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
11. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured bacterium 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430109.gb. 2.46 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
12. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured archaeon 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430110.gb. 2.15 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
13. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured archaeon 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430111.gb. 2.15 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .
14. Niederberger, T.D., Perreault, N.N., Nadeau, J., Mielke, R.E., Greer, C.W., Andersen, D.T., Whyte, L.G. (Jan 2008) Uncultured Thiomicrospira sp. 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Nucleotide Sequence, Genbank, #EU430112.gb. 2.41 KB, Available via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ .